Carbon (C)
Heightens the temper of steel, necessary to build carbide. It is the most important alloy part.

Chromium (Cr)
Forms hard carbides (high resistancy against abrasion and and wear), makes corrosion-resistant, important for tempering.

Nickel (Ni)
Good for ductility, does not form carbides, but only mixed crystals. Together with chromium it is the anti-corrosive.

Molybdenum (Mo)
Works like chromium but more intensive. Higher steel temper in heat is reached by combination of the two materials. Forms so-called ‘special carbides’.

Tungsten (W)
Forms very hard, wear-resistant carbides, high steel heat-resistancy with tungsten. Can replace molybdenum up to a certain degree. Heat conductivity heightened through tungsten (important for tempering).

Vanadium (V)
Refining influence on crystals (fine structure) and forms –like tungsten- very hard wear-resistant carbides that supply a high true to dimensions degree.

Titanium (Ti)
Forms the hardest of al metal carbides (nearly as hard as diamonds). Enormous incline in durability of cut and true to dimensions.

Manganese (Mn)
Makes casting, forging and rolling of steel easier. Improves hardening and raises ductility.

Cobalt (Co)
Does not form carbides, only mixed crystals, improves heat-resistancy, holds back corn growth (fine strucure).

Silicon (Si)
Positive influence on elasticity (therefore alloy part for spring steel).

Phosphor (P)
Unwelcome because of friable effect.

Sulphur (S)
Unwelcome like phosphor, but in small amounts mixed to free-cutting steel to improve cutting.